Muscular Dystrophy: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments

Muscular Dystrophy: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments Muscular Dystrophy Background Information: Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a genetic disorder that causes the deterioration of skeletal muscles, the muscles that enable the human body to move. People with muscular dystrophy have missing or incorrect information within their genes, which prohibits the development of the proteins they need for healthy muscles. Due to fact that muscular dystrophy is genetic, it is not contagious or contractible from another person; a person must be born with the problem. Muscular dystrophy breaks down muscles over a period of time, causing the patients of the disease to gradually lose their ability to do daily and simple tasks, like sitting up or bending down. A patient with muscular dystrophy may have symptoms as a baby or later on in their life. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, also known as DMD, the most common type of muscular dystrophy, is caused by the incorrect information with the gene called dystrophin. The function of this gene is to help muscle cells keep their strength and shape. Without the presence of this gene, muscles begin to deteriorate and a person’s health becomes weaker. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is one of the types that affect boys, and symptoms of the disease begin to show between the ages of two and six. Most children with duchenne muscular dystrophy will require transportation by wheelchair by the age of ten or twelve. Patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy may experience heart complications, and need to be meticulously monitored by pulmonologists and cardiologists. They can also develop scoliosis and tightness in their joints. DMD is a muscle degenerative disease. Muscles that control essential tasks, like breathing may grow weak, requiring the patient to use a ventilator. Treatments Diagnosis: A basic physical exam will be performed by the doctor to look for the general signs of muscular dystrophy. Following this examination, the doctor will request information about your medical history. This includes any concerns you have, your past health, any medications you are currently taking, your immediate family’s health, any allergies you may have, and other matters. Blood tests can help the doctor narrow down which type of muscular dystrophy a person has and eliminate the possibility of other genetic diseases that damage nerves or muscles. One blood test analyzes the components of the patients blood, including, the levels of the enzyme, serum creatine kinase, and the levels of certain proteins that are responsible for chemical changes in the body. Abnormally high levels of serum creatine kinase in the blood from muscle cells indicates that the enzyme is causing damage to the muscle. Other blood tests are used to identify the presence of dystrophin, which is a gene that regulates muscle health and its shape. Blood tests are available to create a diagnostic from some of these disorders. There are also a few types of tests that look into the DNA of the patient. Different types of blood tests can be useful in diagnosing duchenne muscular dystrophy, and also a numerous amount of different types of muscular dystrophy. In some cases, a muscle biopsy is recommended. This procedure includes the doctor detaching a small sample of muscle tissue and analyzing it under the lens of a microscope. If a person is ill with muscular dystrophy, the sample of muscle tissue will visually show some abnormally enlarged fibers, and also evidence of fiber deterioration in different areas. How Is MD Treated? There is not a cure yet for muscular dystrophy, but any doctors and scientists are researching different methods to find a cure. Some scientists are trying to repair the abnormal genes that lead to muscular dystrophy so they will make the right proteins. Another group of scientists are trying to make chemicals and new medicines that will carry out the functions of the abnormal proteins in the body. Every single one of these scientists are working hard so that these chemical and genetic fixes will assist and hopefully cure the frail muscles to work properly in people with muscular dystrophy. There are a few activities children and adults alike can do by themselves to help their muscles. Certain stretches and therapy can help people with muscular dystrophy avoid stiffening of the muscles near the joints, also called contractures, which make mobility difficult and lock the joints in painful positions. In many cases, teenagers are equipped with custom braces to protect flexible joints and tendons. In a few cases, surgery is used to reduce the amount of pain and increase mobility that was reduced from contractures. Some of our body functions, like breathing, depend on certain muscles to properly work. A few patients with muscular dystrophy need artificial respiratory aids, such as a ventilator, to enable them to breathe. If a person was diagnosed with muscular dystrophy during childhood, that child may suffer complications including scoliosis, as a result of weakened muscles and joint inflexibility. For some variations of muscular dystrophy medication can be beneficial. For example, males with duchenne muscular dystrophy may be helped by a prescription called prednisone, and patients of myotonic muscular dystrophy might use the drug, mexilitine, to relax very tight muscles. Currently no scientific cure has been found for Muscular Dystrophy, disregarding its specific form. However, this is not a cause to be disheartened as various types of therapy and drugs are available and can assist a patient with DMD into their adult years. In order for you as a parent to fully develop an understanding about therapies available to your child, as this article continues, we will further discuss a rough outline of the benefits your child will be offered under the care of a specialist. Please keep in mind that these are only possible options that your child may choose from depending on how strongly he is being affected. These therapies also coexist with a clean diet and moderate exercise so as to keep your child as happy and healthy as possible. Most medical care for cases of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy include steroids such as glucocorticoids, prednisolone, and deflazacort.These medications are meant to delay muscle deterioration among other things and could quite possi bly be taken in repetitive or continuous periods of time. Before giving your child these medications, we humbly advise you to further research about their side-effects that they might hold. Some people with DMD acquire osteoporosis or thinning of the bones which may be caused by steroid treatment. This can be prevented by allowing your child’s intake of Vitamin D to increase whether by taking him out to enjoy the sunlight, by drinking lots of milk, by taking dietary supplements, or by taking bisphosphonates. If your child faces complications towards breathing, you might consider non-invasive ventilation which is simply a mask which delivers pressurised air to your child with minimal intervention in daily activities. Your child will have occasional ECG’s and may have to take certain drugs like beta-blockers to assist a weakening heart. Physical and occupational therapy are both liable and recommended courses of action for your child. For further information about DMD tr eatment please contact your local specialist. We are here to inform you, not discourage. If you have any troubles please feel free to contact us and talk it out. We are always willing to listen to your troubles. Please contact your doctor right away if any unusual symptoms or worsening occurs. Current Research: Although frustrating, current research has not yielded very many breakthroughs on new treatments and therapy for muscular dystrophy. Many treatments are short-term and are only able to prolong the lives of patients with MD. There are many research facilities as well as non-profit organizations currently involved in the development of new forms of medical care but drug development is somewhat delayed due to all the complicated processes needed to ensure its safety. In the lead is the NINDS (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) and the other institutes that fall under the umbrella of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). They are working diligently so that your child may benefit from modern-day technological advancements that will soon cleanse him of DMD. Recently, small scientific discoveries have been made that might lead to treatment production progress. Santhera, a pharmaceutical company, announced that Catena/Roxone might contribute to the delay of weakening abilities to respire. Another recent study was testing drugs commonly known as cialis and viagra. In a trial, young boys diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy were given a single dose of this drug and their blood flow to their muscles shot up. It is believed that this surge of blood flow may contribute to the delay of muscle deterioration, but has yet to be scientifically proven. Just a couple days ago a biotech company, Prosensa updated the scientific world about its latest program. They are planning to begin giving out doses of Drisapersen which is shown to skip over exon 51 in dystrophin and has shown promising results. For further updates on medical treatment for DMD and when it will be readily available to the global market, please feel free to contact us at our toll-free number during office hours and/or subscribe to our weekly emails in which we discuss the latest news concerning your child’s shining future. Why is its name Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? What is the definition of Muscular dystrophy? Duchenne muscular dystrophy was named after its discoverer, the French neurologist, Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne. The term muscular dystrophy is created by several numbers of medical terminology prefixes, word roots, and suffixes. Firstly, the word â€Å"muscular†, contains the word root â€Å"musc† which means muscle. The suffix of â€Å"muscular†, is â€Å"-ar,† which can be defined as â€Å"pertaining to.† The word â€Å"muscular,† means â€Å"pertaining to muscle.† Secondly, the word â€Å"dystrophy,† is composed of the prefix, â€Å"dys-,† and the suffix â€Å"-trophy.† The prefix â€Å"dys-â€Å"has the definition of â€Å"painful/difficult,† and the suffix â€Å"-trophy,† means â€Å"development.† In full, muscular dystrophy can be defined as â€Å"painful and difficult development that pertains to the muscle.† What are Genes A gene is the one sided unit that is passed down from generation to generation. A person can have changes (or mutations) in their genes which have the ability to cause many health problems for the person hosting the malfunctioning genes. Depending on the type of change, the effect can be small; like a change in eye color, or it can lead to major health issues. Mutations in a person’s genes results in the malfunctioning of genes. Within biology, we have learnt that in certain cases, there is a dominant gene that can hide the defective gene, which may also be called a recessive gene. In these cases, the dominant gene is strong enough to dampen the recessive trait, and keep the body functioning as it is supposed to. A person or any other organism can be born with gene mutations, or they can develop mutations over the years in their lives. If the gene mutation is present within the egg or sperm cells of the parents, the children/offspring can have the gene mutation passed down to them by their parents. When such a case as this occurs, the mutation is present within every cell of the body, and the human body is not able to fix the mutation on its own.

The Secret Recipe of The Body Shop

The Body Shop is the 2nd largest cosmetics franchise in the world; their stores are everywhere throughout the world – 2400 stores in 61 countries. Its brand name is something but simply, and represents the shop that sells all the goods for body, beauty, and healthcare from top to toe. Its logo is unique and also defines its simplicity, with the green color that describes nature – clearly indicates that the company is environmental friendly. Finally, you will notice that The Body Shop anywhere in the world will not ignore its famous, green, and white logo; and those two colors will be pretty, dominant in any Body Shop outlet that you visit. The Body Shop's products are naturally made and against animal testing. There's something special with the packaging – First of all, the tubes and bottles are recyclable, made by minimum 30% of plastics. The company is trying to reduce of using plastic for higher level recycled content every day. Body Shop also likes to recycled things and made it into accessories. So, aside from being useful and unique, it's highly eco-friendly. The entrepreneurs of Body Shop, Anita Roddick, succeeded not because of a capitalist goal which is profit, but she thought of ways to survive in the market. The body shop always born with new ideas and innovations, and they keep improving customer services. Here, we are going to describe more about The Body Shop and its secret recipe to succeed in franchising world. 1. Franchising Anita Roddick appointing a head franchisee in each major national market to be able to concentrate on the development on new product lines and the company's global vision, rather than the complexities of administration or personnel management. Body Shop has their secret ingredient of selecting its franchisee; that is openly acknowledged a preference for women as franchisees. Roddick kept strict control over the franchising process, she was really careful with this franchising thing. Her objective was to ensure that The Body Shop image and the principles it was based on, were not diluted through franchising. 2. Team Management â€Å"We were searching for employees, but people turned up instead† – Anita Roddick Body shop selects staffs that support the company's vision, and the employees aren't kept in the dark – they are supported in the belief that they are part of an exciting future. The value of integrity defines its interaction with its customers, staff and suppliers. The teams are managed to build their passion through a fun and simple atmosphere within the firm. The employees are knowledgeable and fully committed to the company's goals. The trustees of Body Shop look for projects which are committed to addressing social and economic injustice, access to education and protection of the environment and animal life, taking into consideration current global issues and situations. The directors and the employees can build a good correlation. These executive directors are the people who develop their company's performance plans. The plans are signed by the employees and then passed on to the management for approval. They make sure that company performance plans are complete and adequate before signing the forms. Executive directors also discuss the company performance plans with the employees in a clear and organised manner. Non-executive directors document their company's performance and provide feedback to the executive directors from time to time throughout the company performance cycle. Furthermore, the company is maintaining good relations and open communications with its investors. As a matter of fact, shareholders are regularly invited by the corporation whenever there are gatherings to discuss trade updates. Moreover, whenever there is an annual general meeting, investors get the chance to meet The Board members themselves. And of course, for private investors, they can also access the company's website for various shareholder services. Undoubtedly, the company has good consideration for all of its stakeholders; past, present and future. It seems to be a very well planned framework in the firm's corporate division. It has good policies and procedures with regards to financial matters and operational concerns. Its procedure of assessing the different kinds of situations that come up is certainly a good move on their part. Not to mention, they have maintained good relations with their stakeholders. 3. Training The Body Shop management trainee program provides autonomy, a challenge and gives the opportunity to run our own store. The trainee will spend the first year in one of their top performing stores as an assistant store manager and in the second year the trainee will manage their own store. During the program, the trainee will also spend time with The Body Shop Commercial team, get involved in project work at head office and gain an insight into what The Community Trade team does. Beyond the program, there are number of opportunities available from managing a store internationally to moving into a commercial role. The company will support their trainee with training, on the job learning, progress reviews and support from senior management. 4. Operation According to the Body Shop Retail Sales report, the total sales worldwide boosted by 7% to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½772 million (Body Shop International. With the growing market capacities of the Far East Asian region, international brands like Body Shop will definitely create big. It is reported that Body Shop stores in the Asia Pacific region, particularly in Southeast Asia, Hong Kong and Taiwan, increase its sales by 12% while operating profits to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½19.7 million. In 2002, The Body Shop shoppers do not just go to its chains just to buy its products, because the Body Shop products themselves are the ones that go to the American homes. Surprisingly, the results are promising. It has predicted a 35% profit in operations. In operating process, body shop always born with new ideas and innovations of their product. Definitely, innovations are proven to increase business' performance and existence. The special thing about body shop operation is not just in the manufacturing, but also the services that the company offers. Body shop is campaign for social justice and human rights; they fund the organizations environmental campaign. 5. Marketing Products: The company â€Å"body shop† sells organically grown body products, for the consumer who likes to take care of him or herself. It is known for its cosmetic products that are naturally made and environment-friendly. These organically products is used by different women across the globe, and different products with different functions composed by the ingredients that come from different countries. (Ex: sesame seed from Nicaragua, shea butter from Gnana, coco milk, mangoes, strawberries, etc). Those ingredients are kept on improving along with the new ingredients. Price: The products are priced more exclusively than the mass merchandised cosmetics, but well under exclusive department store lines. We can conclude from here that the company has sufficient information about the customer's prices – company knows exactly its target group and knows what the target group is willing to pay, so the products actually are comparatively cheap; which means, still, there are lots of people can afford them. Place: The company is B2C related which means that its target group is consumers on the B2C market. They use a mixture between intensive and selective distribution. All the shops are run on a franchising basis. Their customers are willing to pay in high prices and are in the medium class or higher; so they put their store mostly at exclusive department store lines, big shopping centers, and located in major cities. Promotion: The company is against promotion, so they don't do business by promoting, but they have their own internet site, where you can see their selection of products. The unique thing about Body Shop's promotion, it deviates from its fellow cosmetics line with regard to its advertisements. It never made use of famous celebrities nor supermodels to endorse its products. Furthermore, the characteristics those models posses are far from the stereotypical model or from the Western standards. If we are to access the Body Shop International's website, as cited in this paper, we will find out that these models are black. From this we can derive that the pioneer of Body Shop ventures into something that is more than just business. There is politics behind. The cosmetic business is bound by principle. 6. Hazard Management The body shop provides safety to its customers. The products itself are naturally made and environmental friendly. They are against animal testing. So the company supports animal and human rights, and the economically climate. In October 2009, the Body Shop was awarded a ‘Lifetime Achievement Award' by the RSPCA in Britain, in recognition of its uncompromised policy which ensures ingredients are not tested by its suppliers. Note that the promise of not testing on animals has no bearing on whether the ingredients are from animal sources. They are unique with the outlet decoration. The Body Shop's corporate identity provided a consistent visual cue in its shops. The company's original shop interior concept, nicknamed the â€Å"green box† was developed to complement the corporate image. It featured a dark green modular system constructed in timber, and dark green tones on both the exterior and interior. CONCLUSION Lessons learned from The Body Shop's success – Authenticity adds value – The importance of staff selection – Globalization can lead to greater success – Don't confuse your personal strategies with business strategies. Here, a company must have clear strategies. – Advertising and marketing add value – Don't underestimate your competition

The 5-Minute Rule for Cultural Geography Essay Samples

The 5-Minute Rule for Cultural Geography Essay Samples The effect of overgrazing on the landscape together with agricultural production is a field of study for human geographers. There are various ways it is possible to define a region. Now, there are various satellites and other above-Earth vehicles that help geographers figure out what the top layer of the planet resembles and how it's changing. The Kalibangan-Mohenjo-Daro represent the middle of the Harappan civilisation. What's more, this approach to criminology is comparatively new which is why you might want to dig deeper. As a consequence, a postmodern criminology perspective will probably arise. The very first step in this sort of analysis is geolocating survey respondents. Your analysis might incorporate the next key places. For example, there are quite a few policies that were influenced directly at the worldwide level because of the Canadian policy influence. As soon as you begin researching the problem under consideration, you will realize there are tons of issues to cover. The policies that have been adopted by Canada with respect to diversity have had a wonderful impact at the worldwide level. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. Cultural Geography Essay Samples Help! Although home schooling is indeed a developing trend, it's still negligible. Some grasp of geography is vital as people seek to create sense of the planet and understand their place within it. It is extremely important to avoid the kids from the dust in the home. Sand and rocks comprise the valley floor which radiate a huge quantity of heat. At the close of the essay you will have the ability to come up with an essential thinking on the issue to consider on i t further. Just make sure it is something which you require, not just something which you desire in the brief term. This knowledge is subsequently utilized as a tool to predict future changes in the planet's environment. All it requires is one particular turn in a different direction to wind up at a different destination. Geography can be considered an interdisciplinary science. Scholars who study geography are called geographers. Geographers should know a lot about maps because maps are extremely essential for understanding geography. Some human geographers concentrate on the connection between human wellbeing and geography. Landscape is one of the key facets of cultural geography. Cultures not only utilize symbols but they're also based on them. Geography was elucidated by several sources time and again. Geography attracts many do-gooders, those who wish to positively affect the planet, give voice to the voiceless. Male circumcision is done at various times between birth and five decades old. As a dynamic phenomenon, cultures are within constant change and they need to adapt to environmental alterations. The modern-day medical interventions have cast a shed on the conventional medicine options which were previously practiced. Even just two or three decades past, there were many more lawyers and doctors in smallish towns and rural locations. Men shake one another's hand and women shake one another's hands. Additionally, there are various cultural complexes which were practiced by the ancestors like steadfast belief in the conventional medicine and the perception of women as being a weaker sex than men that have been acculturated by my family as time passes through the several diffusion forms. Also, it's common to shake their hand. The perfect hand is regarded as the clean and polite hand. Cultural Geography Essay Samples - Dead or Alive? Frequently, in addition, it is feasible to check at differences by survey respondents' geographic site. By the above mentioned analysis, it's apparent that the age column is definitely relevant but in the type of buckets. The third kind of region doesn't have precise boundaries, but is generally understood from a mental map we've learned over time. This example produces a table with a persisted computed column by means of a geography type. Florence, for instance, had no excellent universities. Industry and manufacturing are among the regions where the Philippines has done well throughout the last few years becoming the most significant driver of the nation's economy. In addition, all areas aren't equal in regards to education. The cost of an essay depends upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. The word was initially employed by means of a scientist named Eratosthenes (276-194 B.C.). Individuals are sure to try and modify the way things are, but eventually, the ideal style is going to be that of the more potent industry. Understand the method of writing a very best essay in the appropriate format utilizing right selection of the font and words by reading the sample essay given here by the expert essayist.

Analysis Of The Realistic Play A Doll s House

Evaluation of Gender in a Doll’s House Lorie Murphy Galen College Of Nursing Abstract In the realistic play â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrick Ibsen’s the cultural conflicts of the nineteenth century are shocking and controversial. The play helps portray the struggles women and men were faced with during that century with their roles. Being a male during this period showed more importance than the female’s role would have been. In the end this theory proves women can be just as responsible as a man. Evaluation of Gender in a Doll’s House Nora and all women of the nineteenth century were valued less and treated negatively. Women were expected to stay home and tend to children and perform all domestic duties. Women were to keep everything†¦show more content†¦Nora tries to plead Krogstad’s case to her husband and we find out that one of Krogstad’s transgressions was forging aa signature on loan documents. This entire situation could have been avoided if women were allowed to make such transactions. Nora Considered herself to be a â€Å"good doll† in the eyes of her father and her husband. She felt her father only paid attention to her when it was convenient for him or when he wanted to show her off. She felt the same way with her husband. Trying to dress her as he wanted, eating as he wanted her to and doing whatever he wanted. She felt as if she had minimal control over her own life and she is beginning to feel as if she is doing the very same thing with her own children. The children were primarily cared for by the maid and she only spent time with them when it was only convenient for her. Torvald on the other hand is doing just as he knows and what he thinks society is expecting of him. He knows it is the man role to be the breadwinner and he is expected that he will be able to do this with his new position at the bank. He believes the man shall make all financial decisions and direct his wife on when he thinks she should do as well as the house staff and the children to behave. He also believes his wife should not influence any of his business decisions. Kristine Linde is not the typical nineteenth century woman. Mrs. Linde is a widow, and is able toShow MoreRelatedA Dolls House Reaction Paper-Drama927 Words   |  4 PagesAngela Ericksen University of Phoenix The play â€Å"A Dolls House† was written by Henrik Ibsen. This play truly is an interesting, play and it really connects with how things can be in real life which helps the readers truly connect with it! 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